International Experience of Psychological Support for Police and Military Personnel before Discharge from Service
Abstract
Abstract. The article presents a comprehensive review of international experience of psychological support for military and law enforcement personnel in the transition to civilian life and retirement. The authors study the practices of the USA, the UK, Canada, Israel, analyzing various programs and methods of psychological support, their effectiveness and adaptability. The study reveals key features of the approaches of different countries. The United States demonstrates the complexity of programs that cover the entire spectrum of needs - from psychological support to employment and financial planning. The study notes the innovativeness of American methods, including the use of virtual reality to treat PTSD. The United Kingdom focuses on early intervention and overcoming stigma around mental health by integrating government and charitable initiatives. The Canadian experience is characterized by interagency cooperation and cultural sensitivity of programs, taking into account the needs of different population groups. Israel offers a proactive approach, taking into account the constant threat to security, starting psychological support during active service and continuing it afterwards. The Israeli model demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating the experience of veterans into work with active military personnel. The article examines the adaptation of international experience to Ukrainian realities, the integration of civilian specialists and volunteers into the psychological support system, and programs to support military families. The authors emphasize the importance of a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to psychological support that takes into account the specific needs of target groups. The need to continuously adapt programs to new challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in the nature of military conflicts, is noted. The article offers valuable practices for improving psychological support systems, especially in countries facing similar challenges. The study may be useful for policy makers, psychologists, social workers, and other professionals involved in working with military personnel, law enforcement officers, and veterans.
Keywords: psychological support; law enforcement officers; military personnel; discharge from service; adaptation to civilian life; preparation for retirement; international experience.
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